Leaders in Learning: Publications of Faculty & Staff


Physics and Astronomy 2003-2004


ARGALL, P.S.

Argall, P.S., and R.J. Sica. 2004. Lidar (Laser Radar). The Optics Encyclopedia: Basic Foundations and Practical Applications 2. Th.G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M.A. Kriss, J. Schmit, and J.J. Weber (Eds.). Wiley-VCH. 1305-1322.


BASU, S.

Basu, S. 2004. Turbulence and Magnetic Fields in Clouds. IMF@50. 1-7. Available at http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~basu/docs/basu_disc.pdf.

Basu, S., and G.E. Ciolek. 2004. Formation and collapse of nonaxisymmetric protostellar cores in planar magnetic molecular clouds. The Astrophysical Journal 607: L39-L42.

Basu, S., and C.E. Jones. 2004. A Minimum Hypothesis Model for an IMF with a Lognormal Body and a Power law tail. IMF@50. 1-2. Available at http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~basu/docs/basu_poster.pdf.

Basu, S., and C.E. Jones. 2004. On the power-law tail in the mass function of protostellar condensations and stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 347: L39-L51.

Kerton, C.R., C.M. Brunt, C.E. Jones, and S. Basu. 2003. On the intrinsic shape of molecular clouds. Astronomy & Astrophysics 411: 149-156.

Kudoh, T., and S. Basu. 2003. Nonlinear hydromagnetic wave support of a stratified molecular cloud. The Astrophysical Journal 595: 842-857.


BROWN, P.G.

Beech, M., A. Illingworth, and P. Brown. 2004. A telescopic search for large Perseid meteoroids. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 348: 1395-1400.

Borovicka, J., H.W. Weber, T. Jopek, P. Jakes, Z. Randa, P.G. Brown, D.O. Revelle, P. Kalenda, L. Schultz, J. Kucera, J. Haloda, P. Tycova, J. Fryda, and F. Brandstatter. 2003. The Moravka meteorite fall: 3. Meteoroid initial size, history, structure, and composition. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 38 (7): 1005-1021. Available at http://meteoritics.org.

Brown, P.G., P. Kalenda, D.O. Revelle, and J. Borovicka. 2003. The Moravka meteorite fall: 2. Interpretation of infrasonic and seismic data. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 38 (7): 989-1003. Available at http://meteoritics.org.

Connors, M., P.G. Brown, D.P. Hube, D.P. Martin, A. Ling, D. Hladiuk, M. Mazur, and R.E. Spalding. 2003. The January 26, 2001 Fireball and implications for meteor video camera networks. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 97: 271-276.

Hunt, S.M., M. Oppenheim, S. Close, P.G. Brown, F. McKeen, and M. Minardi. 2004. Determination of the meteoroid velocity distribution at the Earth using high-gain radar. Icarus 168: 34-42.


CAMPBELL-BROWN, M.

Campbell-Brown, M., and J. Jones. 2003. Determining the initial radius of meteor trains: fragmentation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 343: 775-780.


CHRONIK, B.A.

Ungersma, S., H. Xu, B.A. Chronik, G. Scott, A. Macovski, and S. Conolly. 2004. Shim Design Using a Linear Programming Algorithm. Magntic Resonance in Medicine 52 (3): 619-627.


COTTAM, M.G.

Borodich, A., I.V. Rojdestvenski, and M.G. Cottam. 2003. Lateral heterogeneity of photosystems in thylakoid membranes studied by Brownian dynamics simulations. Biophysics Journal 85 (2): 774-789.

Borodich, A., I.V. Rojdestvenski, M.G. Cottam, J. Anderson, and G. Oquist. 2003. Segregation of the photosystems in higher plant thylakoids and short- and long-term regulation by a mesoscopic approach. Journal of Theoretical Biology 225: 431-441.

Borodich, A., I.V. Rojdestvenski, M.G. Cottam, and G. Oquist. 2003. Segregation of the photosystems in thylakoids depends on their size. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1606: 73-82.

Meloche, E., M.G. Cottam, and D.J. Lockwood. 2004. Two-magnon Raman scattering in the antiferromagnet CoF2: theory and experiment. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276: 275-277.

Nguyen, T.M., and M.G. Cottam. 2004. A microscopic theory of the dipole-exchange spin waves in ferromagnetic nanowires. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276: 1672-1673.

Pereira Jr., J.M., and M.G. Cottam. 2003. Renormalization and damping of dipole-exchange spin waves in ultrathin antiferromagnetic films. Physical Review B 68 (104429): 1-10.


DE BRUYN, J.R.

Walsh, A., K.E. Holloway, P. Habdas, and J.R. de Bruyn. 2003. Morphology and scaling of impact craters in granular media. Physical Review Letters 91 (10): 104301.


HOCKING, W.K.

Campos, E.F., and W.K. Hocking. Vortical motions observed with the new McGill VHF Radar and associated dynamical. Proceedings of the MST 10 Tenth International Workshop on technical and scientific aspects of MST Radar, Piura, Peru - May 13-20, 2003. 414-418.

Hocking, A., and W.K. Hocking. 2003. Three-metre-scale turbulence anisotropy as a precursor to rain. Proceedings of the MST 10 Tenth International Workshop on technical and scientific aspects of MST Radar, Piura, Peru - May 13-20, 2003. 443-447.

Hocking, W.K. 2003. Fast and accurate calculation of spectral beam-broadening for turbulence studies. Proceedings of the MST 10 Tenth International Workshop on technical and scientific aspects of MST Radar, Piura, Peru - May 13-20, 2003. 213-217.

Hocking, W.K., S. Franke, N. Mitchell, D. Pancheva, P. Batista, B. Clemesha, B. Fuller, B. Vandepeer, T. Nakamura, J.W. MacDougall, and T. Tsuda. 2003. Applications of a world-wide network of mesospheric radars, with special emphasis on the Columbia space shuttle disaster. Proceedings of the MST 10 Tenth International Workshop on technical and scientific aspects of MST Radar, Piura, Peru - May 13-20, 2003. 459-460.

Hocking, W.K., and M. Larsen. 2003. Report on Session 1.3 - Winds, Waves and Turbulence in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere and the Lower Thermosphere. Proceedings of the MST 10 Tenth International Workshop on technical and scientific aspects of MST Radar, Piura, Peru - May 13-20, 2003. 22-26.

Hocking, W.K., W. Singer, J. Bremer, N.J. Mitchell, P. Batista, B. Clemesha, and M. Donner. 2004. Meteor radar temperatures at multiple sites derived with SKiYMET radars and compared to OH, rocket and lidar measurements. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66: 585-593.

Manson, A.H., C.E. Meek, T. Chshyolkova, S.K. Avery, D. Thorsen, J.W. MacDougall, W.K. Hocking, Y. Murayama, K. Igarashi, S.P. Namboothiri, and P. Kishore. 2004. Longitudinal and latitudinal variations in dynamic characteristics of the MLT (70-95 km): a study involving the CUJO network. Annales Geophysicae 22: 347-365.

Manson, A.H., C.E. Meek, J.W. MacDougall, W.K. Hocking, and D. Thorsen. 2003. Comment on "Climatology of neutral winds in the lower thermosphere over Millstone Hill (42.6 degrees N) observed from ground and from space" by Zhang et al. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (A12): 22-1 - 22-7.

Pancheva, D., N.J. Mitchell, A.H. Manson, C.E. Meek, Ch. Jacobi, Yu. Portnyagin, E. Merzlyakov, W.K. Hocking, J.W. MacDougall, W. Singer, K. Igarashi, R.R. Clark, D.M. Riggin, S.J. Franke, D. Kurschner, A.N. Fahrutdinova, A.M. Stepanov, B.L. Kashcheyev, A.N. Oleynikov, and H.G. Muller. 2004. Variability of the quasi-2-day wave observed in the MLT region during the PSMOS campaign of June-August 1999. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66: 539-565.

Singer, W., J. Bremer, J. Weib, W.K. Hocking, J. Hoffner, M. Donner, and P. Espy. 2004. Meteor Radar observations at middle and Arctic latitudes Part 1: mean temperatures. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66: 607-616.


HOLT, R.A.

Masterman, D., S.D. Rosner, T.J. Scholl, A. Sharikova, and R.A. Holt. 2003. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in Sm II. Canadian Journal of Physics 81: 1389-1401. Available at http://cjp.nrc.ca.


HOUDE, M.

Houde, M., P. Bastien, J.L. Dotson, C.D. Dowell, R.H. Hildebrand, R. Peng, T.G. Phillips, J.E. Vaillancourt, and H. Yoshida. 2004. The Measurement of the Orientation of the Magnetic Field in Molecular Clouds. Astrophysics and Space Science 292 (1): 127-134.

Houde, M., L.C. Holt, H. Yoshida, and P.M. Nelson. 2003. Controlling a Telescope Chopping Secondary Mirror Assembly Using a Signal Deconvolution Technique. Review of Scientific Instruments 74 (8): 3802-3806.


JAYACHANDRAN, P. T

Abdu, M.A., J.W. MacDougall, I.S. Batista, J.H.A. Sobral, and P.T. Jayachandran. 2003. Equatorial evening prereversal electric field enhancement and sporadic E layer disruption: A manifestation of E and F region coupling. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (A6): 8-1 - 8-13.

Jayachandran, P.T., J.W. MacDougall, E.F. Donovan, J.M. Ruohoniemi, K. Liou, D.R. Moorcroft, and J.-P. St.-Maurice. 2003. Substorm associated changes in the high-latitude ionospheric convection. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (20): 7-1 - 7-5.


JONES, C.E.

Basu, S., and C.E. Jones. 2004. A Minimum Hypothesis Model for an IMF with a Lognormal Body and a Power law tail. IMF@50. 1-2. Available at http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~basu/docs/basu_poster.pdf.

Basu, S., and C.E. Jones. 2004. On the power-law tail in the mass function of protostellar condensations and stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 347: L39-L51.

Kerton, C.R., C.M. Brunt, C.E. Jones, and S. Basu. 2003. On the intrinsic shape of molecular clouds. Astronomy & Astrophysics 411: 149-156.

Lenorzer, A., A. Bik, A. de Koter, S.E. Kurtz, L.B.F.M. Waters, L. Kaper, C.E. Jones, and T.R. Geballe. 2004. The peculiar circumstellar environment of NGC 2024 IRS2. Astronomy & Astrophysics 414: 245-259.


JONES, J.

Campbell-Brown, M., and J. Jones. 2003. Determining the initial radius of meteor trains: fragmentation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 343: 775-780.


KOLAROVA, R.

Schiettekatte, F., M. Chicoine, J.S. Forster, J.S. Geiger, S. Gujrathi, R. Kolarova, A. Paradis, S. Roorda, and P. Wei. 2004. ERD, 15N External beam for NRRA in air, HIRBS: ion beam analysis developments on the HVEC EN-1Tandem. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 219-220: 430-434.


KUDOH, T.

Kudoh, T., and S. Basu. 2003. Nonlinear hydromagnetic wave support of a stratified molecular cloud. The Astrophysical Journal 595: 842-857.


LANDSTREET, J.D.

Bagnulo, S., H. Hensberge, J.D. Landstreet, T. Szeifert, and G.A. Wade. 2004. Discovery of a huge magnetic field in the very young star NGC 2244-334 in the Rosette Nebula. Astronomy & Astrophysics 416: 1149-1158.

Chadid, M., G.A. Wade, S.S. Shorlin, and J.D. Landstreet. 2004. No evidence of a strong magnetic field in the Blazhko star RR Lyrae. Astronomy & Astrophysics 413: 1087-1093.

Donati, J.-F., G.A. Wade, J.D. Landstreet, S. Bagnulo, T.A.A. Sigut, T. Luftinger, S.S. Shorlin, S. Strasser, M. Auriere, and J.M. Oliveira. 2004. Magnetic topology and surface differential rotation on the K1 subgiant of the RS CVn system HR. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 348: 1175-1190.

Kochukhov, O., S. Bagnulo, G.A. Wade, L. Sangalli, N. Piskunov, J.D. Landstreet, T.A.A. Sigut, and P. Petit. 2004. Magnetic Doppler imaging of 53 Camelopardalis in all four Stokes parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics 414: 613-632.

Kochukhov, O., T. Ryabchikova, J.D. Landstreet, and W.W. Weiss. 2004. The null result of a search for pulsational variations of the surface magnetic field in the roAp star gamma Equulei. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 351: L34-L38.

Petit, P., J.-F. Donati, G. Wade, J.D. Landstreet, T.A.A. Sigut, and et al. 2003. Surface Differential Rotation of Evolved Fast Rotators. IAU Symposia 215: 294-299.

Unruh, Y.C., J.-F. Donati, J.M. Oliveira, A. Collier Cameron, C. Catala, H.F. Henrichs, C.M. Johns-Krull, B. Foing, J. Hao, H. Cao, J.D. Landstreet, H.C. Stempels, J.A. de Jong, J. Telting, N. Walton, P. Ehrenfreund, A.P. Hatzes, J.E. Neff, T. Bohm, T. Simon, L. Kaper, K.G. Strassmeier, and Th. Granzer. 2004. Multisite observations of SU Aurigae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 348: 1301-1320.


LENNARD, W.N.

Chen, H.-W., T.-Y. Huang, D. Landheer, X. Wu, S. Moisa, G.I. Sproule, J.K. Kim, W.N. Lennard, and T.-S. Chao. 2003. Ultra-Thin Zirconium Silicate Films Deposited on Si(100) Using Zr(Oi-Pr)2 (thd)2, Si(Ot-Bu)2 thd)2, and Nitric Oxide. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 150 (7): C465-C471.

Landheer, D., X. Wu, H.-W. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S. Moisa, T.-Y. Huang, T.-S. Chao, Z.-H. Lu, and W.N. Lennard. 2003. Ultra-Thin Zirconium and Hafnium Silicate Films deposited by MOCVD on Si(100) (Physics and Technology of High k Gate Dielectrics I). Proceedings of 2003 Electrochemical Society Meeting. 125-134.

Lennard, W.N., H. Xia, and J.K. Kim. 2004. Revisiting the Stopping Powers of SI and SIO2 for 4HE Ions: 0.5-2.0 MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 215: 297-307.

Tu, Y., M. Karimi, N. Morawej, W.N. Lennard, T.W. Simpson, J. Peng, K.L. Kavanagh, and G.H. Chapman. 2003. Wavelength-Invariant Resist Composed of Bimetallic Layers. Proceedings of the MRS Symposium 2003 (Novel Materials and Processes for Advanced CMOS). 745. 73-78.

Wojcik, J., E.A. Irving, J.A. Davies, W.N. Lennard, and P. Mascher. 2003. Comprehensive Optical and Compositional Characterization of Silicon-based Thin Films for Photonics. Proceedings of the Electrochemical Society Meeting 2003 (Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films). 381-395.


MITTLER, S.

Hernandez-Lopez, J.L., R.E. Bauer, W.-S. Chang, S. Mittler, and et al. 2003. Functional polymers as nanoscopic building blocks. Material Science and Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems 23 (1-2): 267-274.

Nakamura, F., K. Mitsui, M. Hara, S. Kraemer, S. Mittler, and W. Knoll. 2003. Preparation of Self-Assembled Monolayers Containing Anthryl Groups toward Hybridization of Nucleotides. Langmuir 19: 5823-5829.

Theis, A., B. Menges, S. Mittler, M. Mierzwa, T. Pakula, and H. Ritter. 2003. Polymeric Mesoions: Novel Synthetic Methods, Photochemistry, and Characterization in the Solid State by Dielctric and Waveguide-Mode Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 36 (20): 7520-7526.

Tonami, H., H. Uyama, S. Kobayashi, B. Menges, S. Mittler, A. Theis, and H. Ritter. 2003. Synthesis of a polyphenol with a mesoionic 6-oxo-1, 6-dihydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-olate as pendant group and its photochemical behavior. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 204 (8): 1079-1084.

Weckenmann, U., S. Mittler, S. Kramer, A. Aliganga, and R.A. Fischer. 2004. A Study on the Selective Organometallic Vapor Deposition of Palladium onto Self-assembled Monolayers of 4,4'-Biphenyldithiol, 4-Biphenylthiol, and 11-Mercaptoundecanol on Polycrystalline Silver. Chemistry of Materials 16: 621-628.

Zhu, T., K. Vasilev, M. Kreiter, S. Mittler, and W. Knoll. 2003. Surface Modification of Citrate-Reduced Colloidal Gold Manoparticles with 2-Mercaptosuccinic Acid. Langmuir 19: 9518-9525.


MOORCROFT, D.R.

Jayachandran, P.T., J.W. MacDougall, E.F. Donovan, J.M. Ruohoniemi, K. Liou, D.R. Moorcroft, and J.-P. St.-Maurice. 2003. Substorm associated changes in the high-latitude ionospheric convection. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (20): 7-1 - 7-5.

Jayachandran, P.T., J.W. MacDougall, E.F. Donovan, J.M. Ruohoniemi, K. Liou, D.R. Moorcroft, and J.-P. St.-Maurice. 2003. Substorm associated changes in the high-latitude ionospheric convection. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (20): 7-1 - 7-5.

Moorcroft, D.R. 2004. The shape of auroral backscatter spectra. Geophysical Research Letters 31 (L09802): 1-4.


ROSNER, S.D.

Masterman, D., S.D. Rosner, T.J. Scholl, A. Sharikova, and R.A. Holt. 2003. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in Sm II. Canadian Journal of Physics 81: 1389-1401. Available at http://cjp.nrc.ca.


SCHOLL, T.J.

Masterman, D., S.D. Rosner, T.J. Scholl, A. Sharikova, and R.A. Holt. 2003. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in Sm II. Canadian Journal of Physics 81: 1389-1401. Available at http://cjp.nrc.ca.


SICA, R.J.

Argall, P.S., and R.J. Sica. 2004. Lidar (Laser Radar). The Optics Encyclopedia: Basic Foundations and Practical Applications 2. Th.G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M.A. Kriss, J. Schmit, and J.J. Weber (Eds.). Wiley-VCH. 1305-1322.


SIGUT, T.A.A.

Donati, J.-F., G.A. Wade, J.D. Landstreet, S. Bagnulo, T.A.A. Sigut, T. Luftinger, S.S. Shorlin, S. Strasser, M. Auriere, and J.M. Oliveira. 2004. Magnetic topology and surface differential rotation on the K1 subgiant of the RS CVn system HR. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 348: 1175-1190.

Kochukhov, O., S. Bagnulo, G.A. Wade, L. Sangalli, N. Piskunov, J.D. Landstreet, T.A.A. Sigut, and P. Petit. 2004. Magnetic Doppler imaging of 53 Camelopardalis in all four Stokes parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics 414: 613-632.

Petit, P., J.-F. Donati, G. Wade, J.D. Landstreet, T.A.A. Sigut, and et al. 2003. Surface Differential Rotation of Evolved Fast Rotators. IAU Symposia 215: 294-299.


SIMPSON, P.J.

Simpson, P.J., and A.P. Knights. 2004. The Role of Impurities in the Formation of Voids in Silicon. Materials Science Forum 445-446: 180-182. Available at http://www.scientific.net.


SIMPSON, T.W.

Tu, Y., M. Karimi, N. Morawej, W.N. Lennard, T.W. Simpson, J. Peng, K.L. Kavanagh, and G.H. Chapman. 2003. Wavelength-Invariant Resist Composed of Bimetallic Layers. Proceedings of the MRS Symposium 2003 (Novel Materials and Processes for Advanced CMOS). 745. 73-78.


SINGH, M.R.

Botha, A., and M.R. Singh. 2003. Electron-spin polarization in symmetric type II quantum wells from bulk inversion asymmetry. Physical Review B 67 (19): 1953341-195338.

Desforges, J., and M.R. Singh. 2003. Diamagnetic and nonlinear Zeeman shifts in spatially separated electrons and holes layers of heterostructures. Physica Status Solidi B 237 (2): 487-493.

Singh, M.R. 2004. Giant refractive-index enhancement in dispersive polaritonic band-gap and photonic band-gap materials. Physical Review A 69 (023807): 1-7.

Singh, M.R. 2004. Numerical simulations of variable range hopping conductivity in deoxyguanosine deoxyribose nucleic acid nucleoside films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 22 (3): 752-754.

Singh, M.R. 2003. Polariton stark effect in dispersive and photonic materials. Physica B 337: 266-274.

Singh, S.P., M.R. Singh, and B. Watson. 2004. KY Fan's best application approximation theorem and application. Fixed Point Theory 5: 131-136.

Yartsev, M., and M.R. Singh. 2003. Excitons in semiconductor nanostructures. Rev. Mexicana De Fisica 49 (1): 1-12.

Yartsev, V.M., M.R. Singh, and J. Desforges. 2003. Effect of hopping and electronic correlation on electron-hole coupling in disordered semiconductor double layer. International Journal of Modern Physics B 17 (30): 5773-5780.


ST.-MAURICE, J.-P.

Jayachandran, P.T., J.W. MacDougall, E.F. Donovan, J.M. Ruohoniemi, K. Liou, D.R. Moorcroft, and J.-P. St.-Maurice. 2003. Substorm associated changes in the high-latitude ionospheric convection. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (20): 7-1 - 7-5.

Jayachandran, P.T., J.W. MacDougall, E.F. Donovan, J.M. Ruohoniemi, K. Liou, D.R. Moorcroft, and J.-P. St.-Maurice. 2003. Substorm associated changes in the high-latitude ionospheric convection. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (20): 7-1 - 7-5.


VALLURI, S.R.

Feoli, A., and S.R. Valluri. 2004. A Study of the de Broglie Gravitational Waves. International Journal of Modern Physics D 13 (5): 907-921.

Valluri, S.R., U.D. Jentschura, and D.R. Lamm. 2003. The study of the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian and some of its applications. CP687, High Energy Physics: The 25th Annual Montreal-Rochester-Syracuse-Toronto Conference on High Energy Physics. American Institute of Physics. 203-214.

Xie, F., G. Reid, and S.R. Valluri. 2004. A numerical method for one-dimensional action functionals of photonic band-gap structures. Canadian Journal of Physics 82: 423-437. Available at http://cjp.nrc.ca/.


WIEGERT, P.

Brasser, R., S. Mikkola, T.-Y. Huang, P. Wiegert, and K. Innanen. 2004. Long-term evolution of the Neptune Trojan 2001 QR322. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 347: 833-836.

Wiegert, P., K. Innanen, T. Huang, and S. Mikkola. 2003. The effect of neptune's accretion on Pluto and the Plutinos. The Astronomical Journal 126: 1575-1587.

Wiegert, P., D. McNeil, M. Duncan, and H. Levison. 2004. Fast force algorithms and solar system integrations. The Astronomical Journal 127: 1218-1226.


ZINKE-ALLMANG, M.T.

Hul'ko, O., and M.T. Zinke-Allmang. 2003. Evolution of CoSi2 buried structures created by high temperature Co+ ion implantation into Si(100) during post-implantation annealing. Surface Science 547: 219-228.

Li, N., M.T. Zinke-Allmang, and H. Iwasaki. 2004. A re-examination of scanning tunneling spectroscopy for its practical application in studies of surface electronic structures. Surface Science 554: 253-261.