Type

Causes

Local

• Trauma (nasal fracture, septal perforation/hematoma)
• Foreign body

• Surgical procedures
• URTI, Sinusitis, Atrophic rhinitis
• Chemical irritants (i.e. cocaine)

Neoplasm

• Benign (juvenile angiofibroma, polyps)

• Malignant (squamous cell carcinoma)

Systemic

• Atherosclerotic disease with hypertension
• Hepatic disease (decrease in clotting factors)

• Renal disease (elevated BUN causes decreased platelet adhesiveness)

Hematologic Disorders

• Myeloma,
• Leukemia, Lymphoma

• Hemophilia
• Anemia

Genetic

• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)

Drugs

• NSAIDs
• Aspirin

• Warfarin

Idiopathic