



 


|
Duncan
Campbell Scott:
The Magic House, and Other Poems
Afterword
by
W. J. Keith
|
The
Magic House, Duncan Campbell Scott’s first
book of poems, was published in London and Ottawa in
1893, a Boston edition appearing two years later. It
therefore appeared in the same year as Bliss Carman’s
Low Tide on Grand Pré (also a first
book), Charles G. D. Roberts’s Songs of the
Common Day, and William Campbell’s The
Dread Voyage. Archibald Lampman had established
his poetic presence with Among the Millet in
1888, and Lyrics of Earth would follow in 1895.
Scott’s
début volume has attracted relatively little
attention from literary commentators, perhaps because
his work in the Department of Indian Affairs had not
yet led to those official journeys into the Canadian
northland among the native peoples that inspired so
many of his later more distinctive (and controversial)
poems. Most critics have therefore been content, understandably,
to confine themselves to brief comment about the immediate
influence of the Pre-Raphaelites and more general poetic
debts to Keats, Tennyson, and others. One exception,
however, was Desmond Pacey, in Ten Canadian Poets,
who wrote enthusiastically:
The
Magic House is a first volume of surprisingly
high quality.There is not a really bad poem in the
book, and there are a number of extremely good ones
....
Although
The Magic House does not contain any one
poem equal to the title poem of Bliss Carman’s
Low Tide on Grand Pré, taken as a
whole it is the best volume by any member of the Group
of the Sixties (145-7)
Scott’s book has now been available for over
a century, and Pacey’s comment (which reflects
his crusading zeal during a period when early Canadian
literature was being reassessed) is itself over forty
years old. It is worthwhile taking a further look at
The Magic House from a more detached perspective
at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
One conspicuous feature is Scott’s efforts to
place himself within the company of the poets we have
come, with the rather desperate cataloguing of hindsight,
to call “the Poets of Confederation.” Although
the dedicatees of Scott’s poems appear under initials
only, it is easy to recognize his successive acknowledgment
of Lampman (“The Fifteenth of April”), Campbell
(“At the Cedars”), Carman (“The Reed-Player”),
and Roberts (“A Flock of Sheep”). That Lampman
was the poet to whom Scott was closest is further indicated
by the poem entitled “Written in a Copy of Archibald
Lampman’s Poems.” This impression is strengthened
by the general style and tone of the volume as a whole.
Several descriptive sonnets, including “In an
Old Quarry” and “September,” would
not have seemed out of place in Roberts’s Songs
of the Common Day, while more meditative descriptive
poems like “A November Day” recall Lampman.
The dedication of “At the Cedars” to Campbell
suggests that the violence and vigour of the poem reflect
Scott’s image of Campbell himself, and “The
Reed-Player” is not only dedicated to Carman but
reproduces his rather dreamy classicism.
Modern readers, I suspect, are unlikely to share Pacey’s
enthusiasm, but they might well be struck by Scott’s
experimentation with verse-forms and metres. It can
hardly be accidental that all three major forms of the
sonnet (Petrarchan, Spenserian, Shakespearean) are represented
here. In addition, Scott appears to test a number of
original verse-forms, two of which (see “The Fifteenth
of April” and “A Night in June”) are
unusual in incorporating a non-rhyming line into each
stanza. Readers interested in prosodic matters may also
notice that in the many poems written in quatrains (amounting
to well over a third), while the rhymes are invariably
constant, the syllables within the lines can vary–sometimes
quite drastically. The reasons for such variation are
not immediately obvious, but, given Scott’s fastidiousness
(as well as his musical interests and expertise) it
seems doubtful that this is the result of carelessness
or oversight. Most probably Scott found the occasional
substitution of longer or shorter lines rhythmically–and
so aesthetically–satisfying.
The best-known poems in the collection are undoubtedly–and
deservedly–“At the Cedars” and “In
the Country Churchyard.” The former, as every
commentator notes, is conspicuous because it sticks
out tonally like the proverbial sore thumb. Here, too,
one suspects deliberate experimentation, since the material
seems more in tune with Scott’s short stories,
which he had already begun to write; violent narrative,
of course, is to become a feature of his later verse
(“On the Way to the Mission,” “At
Gull Lake”). As for the elegy to his father, Scott
seems at pains here to discover how far he can achieve
a personal originality with an apparently overpowering
traditional theme. The subject is obviously Gray’s,
and Scott flaunts the connection by mentioning the humble
villagers “disguised amid the multitude”
and even including a line about lowing cattle. Yet here
Scott deliberately and wisely eschews the quatrain-form,
his seven-line stanza allowing him a more Arnoldian
richness and melancholy. The fact that his elegy is
for a person rather than a group is also noteworthy.
Above all, the speaker emerges as a quiet, pensive individual,
the kind of narrator who is to appear again in “The
Height of Land” and elsewhere.
Finally, I would like to draw attention to a remarkable
poem rarely mentioned in studies of Scott. “From
the Farm on the Hill” is notable as an early experiment
in irregular, even free verse. Scott’s control
here is admirable. In the first stanza, for example,
each of the three syntactical units might have found
their place, rhythmically speaking, in separate poems.
Yet they combine pleasingly, requiring in the reader
a palpable but manageable shift in tone and reading-speed
that creates a fruitful tension. Moreover, the sensitive
evocation of the natural scene in the last three stanzas
blends seamlessly with the characteristic Scottian emphasis
on personal aspiration in the final lines:
Let me
touch the next circle of being,
For I have compassed this life.
For the first time we hear, indisputably, the stuttery
but engaging rhythms that are to become a feature of
Scott’s mature poetic voice.
|
Works
Cited
|
|
Dragland, S. L.,
ed. Duncan Campbell Scott: A Book of Criticism.
Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, 1974. (Includes influential
essays by E. K. Brown and A. J. M. Smith.)
Groening, Laura.
“Duncan Campbell Scott: An Annotated Bibliography,”
in Robert Lecker and Jack David, eds., The Annotated
Bibliography of Canada’s Major Authors, Volume
8. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1994), 469-576.
Johnston, Gordon.
“Duncan Campbell Scott (1862-1947),” in
Robert Lecker, Jack David, and Ellen Quigley, eds.,
Canadian Writers and Their Works: Poetry Series,
Volume 2 (Downsview, ON: ECW Press, 1983), 235-81.
Pacey, Desmond.
“Duncan Campbell Scott,” in his Ten
Canadian Poets (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1958),
141-6.
Scott, Duncan
Campbell. The Magic House, and Other Poems.
London: Methuen, 1893; Ottawa: Durie, 1893; Boston:
Copeland and Day, 1895. (Text identical in all editions.)
Slonim, Leon.
A Critical Edition of the Poems of Duncan Campbell
Scott. 2 vols. Ph.D. dissertation, University of
Toronto, 1978. (Contains excellent textual and explanatory
notes.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|