Information Handouts - Zoonosis (Rabies)

Rabies is a fatal, viral neurological disease of mammals. The disease may be transmitted to humans from mammals. In the laboratory setting pound source dogs and cats are the prime concern.

Transmission usually occurs through a bite wound. However, any contact which allows saliva from an infected animal to penetrate the skin or mucous membranes can result in infection. Usually the animal is exhibiting clinical signs at the time of the incident and dies within a 10 day period.

The time period between infection and the onset of clinical signs can be very protracted in both human and other mammals. This is the case since the virus must migrate from the point of entry to the central nervous system where a viral encephalitis ensues. The disease is usually fatal.

Post exposure vaccination is very successful, however, individuals who work with dogs and cats of unknown history may be exposed without their knowledge. Animal handlers, veterinarians and research staff using pound source dogs and cats fit into this group of individuals.

In order to protect all personnel handling dogs and cats the University has a policy of mandatory pre-exposure vaccination for high risk personnel. This group includes all individuals who come into direct contact with pound source dogs and cats or fresh tissues from these species. Please contact Occupational Health and Saftey if you have any questions regarding this policy.

References:

1. Acha PN, Szyfres B: Zoonosis and Communicable Disease Common to
Man and Animals. Washington, Pan American Health Organization. 1987,
pp 425-449

2. Beran GW: Rabies and Infections by Rabies -Related Viruses. In
Steele JH (Ed) Handbook Series in Zoonosis, Section B, Vol II. Boca Raton,
CRC Press, 1981, pp. 57-135

3. Perry BD: Rabies. In August JR, Loar AS (ed): The Veterinary
Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice. Philadelpia,
WB Saunders, 1987, 17:1 pp. 73-89

4. Schnurrenberger PR, Hubbert WT: An Outline of Zoonosis. Ames,
Iowa State University Press, 1981. pg. 58-60
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